Aqueduct A structure that carries water over long distances. Augustus First emperor of the Roman Empire. Julius Caesar's grand-nephew. Brutus A statesman of ancient Rome and Caesar's best friend. He led a conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar. Carthage Phoenician city in northern Africa which was crushed during the Punic wars against Rome. Consul One of two officials who led the government in the ancient Roman republic. Currency Coins and paper bills used as money. Dictator In ancient Rome, a political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time. Empire A group of countries under a single authority. Etruscans The group of people who ruled Rome before Romans revolted. Hannibal General of Carthage who marched his army from Spain to Rome in the Second Punic War. Julius Caesar Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assassinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power. Latin Any dialect of the language of ancient Rome. Legion A large military unit. Mark Antony Friend of Caesar. Antony claims allegiance to Brutus and the conspirators after Caesar's death in order to save his own life. Although married, fell in love with Cleopatra and committed suicide when defeated by Octavian. Nero First Roman emperor to persecute Christians, he burned Rome and blamed the Christians, he murdered his mother, and thought to be responsible for the deaths of Peter and Paul. Octavian Julius Caesar's grandnephew, later known as Augustus. He was Rome's first true emperor. Patrician In ancient Rome, a member of the privileged upper class. Pax Romana 200 year period of peace in Rome. Plebeian In ancient Rome, a commoner; one from the lower class. Punic Wars Three wars between Rome and Carthage, resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance in the western Mediterranean. Republic A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting. Romulus and Remus Legendary founders of Rome. Spartacus A gladiator who lead a slave revolt. The Aeneid Epic poem written by Virgil about the journey of Aeneas. Tiber River River that runs through Rome. Veto Forbid.